看了《江蘇省實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物環(huán)境管理指南》、《DB 3201T 1168-2023 實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物污染防治技術(shù)規(guī)范》，很有感觸，對(duì)于一些先前法規(guī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)未提及的內(nèi)容開始逐漸有清晰的管理要求，文軍說實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全分享一下學(xué)習(xí)心得，歡迎各位實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全同仁交流。

　　After reading the "Jiangsu Province Laboratory Hazardous Waste Environmental Management Guidelines" and the "DB 3201T 1168-2023 Laboratory Hazardous Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Technical Specifications", I have a lot of insights. For some content that was not mentioned in previous regulations and standards, there are gradually clear management requirements. Wen Jun said that laboratory safety shares his learning experience and welcomes colleagues in laboratory safety to exchange ideas.

　　1、實(shí)驗(yàn)室產(chǎn)生的廢鎘鎳電池、熒光粉和陰出彩射線管危險(xiǎn)廢物代碼為900-044-49。

　　1. The hazardous waste code for waste cadmium nickel batteries, fluorescent powders, and cathode ray tubes generated in the laboratory is 900-044-49.

　　2、實(shí)驗(yàn)室廢氣治理中產(chǎn)生的廢活性炭危險(xiǎn)廢物代碼為900-039-49。

　　2. The hazardous waste code for waste activated carbon generated in laboratory waste gas treatment is 900-039-49.

　　3、危險(xiǎn)廢物在實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)部貯存點(diǎn)非常大貯存量不得超過0.1噸，在建筑內(nèi)部單個(gè)貯存點(diǎn)非常大貯存量不得超過0.5噸，在建筑外部單個(gè)貯存點(diǎn)非常大貯存量不得超過3噸。實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)部貯存點(diǎn)單個(gè)容器盛滿后，貯存時(shí)間不應(yīng)超過7天。廢棄危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品和含氰廢液在貯存點(diǎn)存放時(shí)間不應(yīng)超過30天。其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物在貯存點(diǎn)存放時(shí)間不應(yīng)超過90天。

　　3. The maximum storage capacity of hazardous waste at internal storage points in the laboratory shall not exceed 0.1 tons, the maximum storage capacity at a single storage point inside the building shall not exceed 0.5 tons, and the maximum storage capacity at a single storage point outside the building shall not exceed 3 tons. After a single container is filled in the internal storage point of the laboratory, the storage time should not exceed 7 days. Waste hazardous chemicals and cyanide containing waste liquids should not be stored for more than 30 days at the storage site. Hazardous waste from other laboratories should not be stored in the storage area for more than 90 days.

　　文軍說實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全解讀：

　　Wenjun explains laboratory safety:

　　1）實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)部貯存點(diǎn)，對(duì)應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存區(qū)域。

　　1) Internal storage point in the laboratory, corresponding to the temporary storage area for hazardous waste in the laboratory.

　　2）建筑內(nèi)部單個(gè)貯存點(diǎn)，對(duì)應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存間（危廢間）。

　　2) A single storage point inside the building corresponds to a laboratory hazardous waste temporary storage room (hazardous waste room).

　　3）建筑外部單個(gè)貯存點(diǎn)，對(duì)應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存庫(kù)（危廢庫(kù)）。

　　3) A single storage point outside the building corresponds to a laboratory hazardous waste temporary storage warehouse (hazardous waste warehouse).

　　4、關(guān)于實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)部貯存點(diǎn)（實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存區(qū)域）危險(xiǎn)廢物存放時(shí)間

　　4. Regarding the storage time of hazardous waste in the internal storage point of the laboratory (temporary storage area for hazardous waste in the laboratory)

　　1）實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)部貯存點(diǎn)單個(gè)容器盛滿后，貯存時(shí)間不應(yīng)超過7天。

　　1) After a single container is filled in the internal storage point of the laboratory, the storage time should not exceed 7 days.

　　文軍說實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全解讀：北京市地標(biāo)《DB11/T 1368-2016 實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物污染防治技術(shù)規(guī)范》7.4 暫存區(qū)內(nèi)的危險(xiǎn)廢物原則上應(yīng)日產(chǎn)日清，非常長(zhǎng)不應(yīng)超過30天，沒有體積單個(gè)容器盛滿后的非常長(zhǎng)貯存時(shí)間，這里明確提及7天給出了參考建議，對(duì)于儀器室文軍說實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全建議收集滿1桶應(yīng)及時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移到單位實(shí)驗(yàn)室危廢暫存庫(kù)（間）。

　　Wen Jun explained laboratory safety: According to the landmark "DB11/T 1368-2016 Technical Specification for Prevention and Control of Laboratory Hazardous Waste Pollution" in Beijing, hazardous waste in the temporary storage area should be cleared daily, with a maximum storage time of 30 days. The maximum storage time for a single container without volume should not exceed 7 days. Here, a reference suggestion is provided for 7 days. For the instrument room, Wen Jun suggested that laboratory safety should collect one full bucket and transfer it to the unit laboratory hazardous waste temporary storage warehouse (room) in a timely manner.

　　2）廢棄危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品和含氰廢液在實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存區(qū)域存放時(shí)間不應(yīng)超過30天。

　　2) Waste hazardous chemicals and cyanide containing waste liquids should not be stored in the laboratory hazardous waste temporary storage area for more than 30 days.

　　3）其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物在貯存點(diǎn)存放時(shí)間不應(yīng)超過90天。

　　3) Hazardous waste from other laboratories should not be stored in the storage area for more than 90 days.

　　文軍說實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全解讀：其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物，如固體廢棄物，如空試劑瓶、沾染危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的膠體、玻璃塑料器具、PPE等在實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存區(qū)域存放時(shí)間不應(yīng)超過90天。

　　Wen Jun explained laboratory safety: Other laboratory hazardous waste, such as solid waste such as empty reagent bottles, colloids contaminated with hazardous chemicals, glass and plastic utensils, PPE, etc., should not be stored in the laboratory hazardous waste temporary storage area for more than 90 days.

　　4）《GBT 31190-2014 實(shí)驗(yàn)室廢棄化學(xué)品收集技術(shù)規(guī)范》

　　4) GBT 31190-2014 Technical Specification for Collection of Laboratory Waste Chemicals

　　7.5 當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室廢棄化學(xué)品裝滿貯存設(shè)施容量的3/4時(shí)，應(yīng)及時(shí)申請(qǐng)清運(yùn)、處理。不明成分的實(shí)驗(yàn)室廢棄化學(xué)品在成分確定前不得貯存在 WAA 區(qū)域。

　　When the laboratory waste chemicals are filled to 3/4 of the storage facility capacity, timely application for removal and disposal should be made. Laboratory waste chemicals with unknown components shall not be stored in the WAA area until their composition is determined.

　　5）《中華人民共和國(guó)固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治法》

　　5) Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China

　　第八十一條 從事收集、貯存、利用、處置危險(xiǎn)廢物經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的單位，貯存危險(xiǎn)廢物不得超過一年；確需延長(zhǎng)期限的，應(yīng)當(dāng)報(bào)生態(tài)環(huán)境主管部門批準(zhǔn)。

　　Article 81: Units engaged in the collection, storage, utilization, and disposal of hazardous waste shall not store hazardous waste for more than one year; If it is necessary to extend the deadline, approval should be obtained from the competent department of ecological environment.

　　7、貯存點(diǎn)貯存的危險(xiǎn)廢物應(yīng)置于容器或包裝物中，不應(yīng)直接散堆。存放液態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物時(shí)，需采取防滲漏措施，將容器置于托盤中。存放兩種及以上不相容液態(tài)危險(xiǎn)廢物時(shí)，應(yīng)分類分區(qū)存放，且不得共用泄露液體收集裝置。[文軍說實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全解讀：實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存區(qū)域應(yīng)建立實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物投放登記表]

　　7. The hazardous waste stored at the storage point should be placed in containers or packaging materials and should not be directly scattered. When storing liquid hazardous waste, anti leakage measures should be taken by placing the container on a pallet. When storing two or more incompatible liquid hazardous wastes, they should be classified and stored in separate areas, and the leakage liquid collection device should not be shared. [Wen Jun explains laboratory safety: A registration form for hazardous waste disposal should be established in the temporary storage area of laboratory hazardous waste.]

　　8、貯存點(diǎn)應(yīng)建立投放登記制度，每一個(gè)收集容器對(duì)應(yīng)一份投放記錄表，記錄投放時(shí)間、投放主要化學(xué)物質(zhì)、投放人等信息，鼓勵(lì)使用電子投放記錄表，投放記錄表應(yīng)作為臺(tái)賬至少保存五年。[文軍說實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全解讀：實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存區(qū)域應(yīng)建立實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物投放登記表]

　　8. Storage points should establish a registration system for delivery, with each collection container corresponding to a delivery record form, recording information such as delivery time, main chemical substances delivered, and delivery personnel. The use of electronic delivery record forms is encouraged, and they should be kept as a ledger for at least five years. [Wen Jun explains laboratory safety: A registration form for hazardous waste disposal should be established in the temporary storage area of laboratory hazardous waste.]

　　9、實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物在內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)時(shí)，應(yīng)至少2名實(shí)驗(yàn)室管理人員參與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)并符合《危險(xiǎn)廢物收集貯存運(yùn)輸技術(shù)規(guī)范》(HJ2025-2012)有關(guān)收集和內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)作業(yè)要求。[文軍說實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全解讀：實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)是危險(xiǎn)性作業(yè)，存在化學(xué)品泄漏引發(fā)的化學(xué)灼傷、火災(zāi)、爆炸、中毒、環(huán)境污染等事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，要求至少2人在場(chǎng)，一人作業(yè)，一人監(jiān)護(hù)]

　　9. When hazardous waste is transported internally in the laboratory, at least 2 laboratory management personnel should participate in the transportation and comply with the collection and internal transportation requirements of the "Technical Specifications for Collection, Storage, and Transportation of Hazardous Waste" (HJ2025-2012). [Interpretation of Laboratory Safety by Wen Jun: The transportation of hazardous waste in the laboratory is a hazardous operation that poses risks of chemical burns, fires, explosions, poisoning, environmental pollution, and other accidents caused by chemical leaks. At least 2 people are required to be present, with one person working and one person supervising.]

　　10、應(yīng)建立實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物管理臺(tái)賬，如實(shí)記錄產(chǎn)生實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物的種類、數(shù)量、流向、貯存、處置等情況，在江蘇省固體廢物管理系統(tǒng)內(nèi)申報(bào)有關(guān)信息或納入小量危險(xiǎn)廢物集中收集體系。實(shí)驗(yàn)室外部貯存點(diǎn)需配備專人管理，并以實(shí)驗(yàn)室為單位做好臺(tái)賬記錄。鼓勵(lì)使用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物環(huán)境管理信息進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)記錄。

　　10. A laboratory hazardous waste management ledger should be established to truthfully record the types, quantities, flow directions, storage, disposal, and other situations of hazardous waste generated in the laboratory. Relevant information should be declared in the Jiangsu solid waste management system or included in the centralized collection system for small amounts of hazardous waste. The external storage point of the laboratory needs to be managed by a dedicated person, and a ledger should be kept for each laboratory unit. Encourage the use of IoT technology for real-time recording of laboratory hazardous waste environmental management information.

　　11、實(shí)驗(yàn)室產(chǎn)生廢棄劇毒、易制毒、易制爆等危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品時(shí)，還應(yīng)當(dāng)向所在地公安機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)告，按照其規(guī)定的方式進(jìn)行預(yù)處理、運(yùn)輸、貯存、處置。產(chǎn)生廢棄醫(yī)用麻醉藥品時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)向所在地衛(wèi)生健康主管部門提出報(bào)損申請(qǐng),并在所在地衛(wèi)生健康主管部門監(jiān)督下進(jìn)行銷毀，殘留物按照醫(yī)療廢物管理。產(chǎn)生廢棄獸用麻醉藥品時(shí)，所有者應(yīng)當(dāng)向所在地農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村主管部門報(bào)告，按照規(guī)定進(jìn)行預(yù)處理、運(yùn)輸、貯存、處置。

　　11. When hazardous chemicals such as highly toxic, easily producible drugs, and easily producible explosives are generated in the laboratory, they should also be reported to the local public security organs for pre-treatment, transportation, storage, and disposal in accordance with their regulations. When producing discarded medical anesthetics, an application for loss reporting should be submitted to the local health authority, and the waste should be destroyed under the supervision of the local health authority. The residue should be managed as medical waste. When producing waste veterinary anesthetics, the owner shall report to the local agricultural and rural competent department and carry out pre-treatment, transportation, storage, and disposal in accordance with regulations.

　　12、多個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室共用的貯存點(diǎn)應(yīng)配備專人管理，并以實(shí)驗(yàn)室為單位做好臺(tái)賬記錄。[文軍說實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全解讀：實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物通常建議分散貯存，及時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存庫(kù)（間），如因特殊情況，多個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室共用實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存區(qū)域，簡(jiǎn)單說是其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室的危險(xiǎn)廢物也投放到某一約定實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存區(qū)域，應(yīng)配備專人管理，像數(shù)百平的大開間，也會(huì)遇到此類情況。]

　　12. Storage points shared by multiple laboratories should be managed by dedicated personnel and recorded on a laboratory by laboratory basis. [Interpretation of Laboratory Safety by Wen Jun: Laboratory hazardous waste is usually recommended to be stored in a dispersed manner and promptly transferred to the laboratory hazardous waste temporary storage warehouse (room). If, due to special circumstances, multiple laboratories share the laboratory hazardous waste temporary storage area, in other words, hazardous waste from other laboratories is also placed in a designated laboratory hazardous waste temporary storage area, it should be managed by a dedicated person. Similar situations may also occur in large open rooms of hundreds of square meters.]

　　通常建議，以實(shí)驗(yàn)室房間為單位在各自實(shí)驗(yàn)室區(qū)域設(shè)置實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存區(qū)域，如確有需要多個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室或大開間共用實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存區(qū)域，文軍說實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全認(rèn)為目前有2個(gè)做法：

　　It is usually recommended to set up temporary storage areas for laboratory hazardous waste in each laboratory area based on the laboratory room. If there is a need for multiple laboratories or large open rooms to share the temporary storage area for laboratory hazardous waste, Wen Jun said that laboratory safety believes there are currently two practices:

　　1是以獨(dú)立的實(shí)驗(yàn)室房間或課題組為單元，各自實(shí)驗(yàn)室產(chǎn)生的危險(xiǎn)廢物，各自分開收集，設(shè)置多個(gè)危險(xiǎn)廢物收集容器或包裝物，專人負(fù)責(zé)，建立實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物投放登記表，建立實(shí)驗(yàn)室危險(xiǎn)廢物臺(tái)賬。[缺點(diǎn)：廢液桶數(shù)量多，占空間多；優(yōu)點(diǎn)：便于管理，減少不相容危險(xiǎn)廢物誤混合收集風(fēng)險(xiǎn)]

　　1. The hazardous waste generated by each independent laboratory room or research group is collected separately, and multiple hazardous waste collection containers or packaging materials are set up. A dedicated person is responsible for establishing a laboratory hazardous waste disposal registration form and a laboratory hazardous waste ledger. [Disadvantages: Large number of waste liquid tanks, taking up more space; Advantages: Easy to manage, reducing the risk of mixing and collecting incompatible hazardous waste]

　　2是設(shè)置共用危險(xiǎn)廢物收集容器和包裝物，大家都可以往里面投放產(chǎn)生的危廢，須要對(duì)相關(guān)師生進(jìn)行針對(duì)性培訓(xùn)和監(jiān)督，確實(shí)做到危險(xiǎn)廢物分類收集、分區(qū)貯存，嚴(yán)禁不相容危險(xiǎn)廢物混合收集。[缺點(diǎn)：存在混合收集不相容危險(xiǎn)廢物導(dǎo)致事故的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；優(yōu)點(diǎn)：減少?gòu)U液桶數(shù)量，占空間少]

　　2. It is necessary to set up shared hazardous waste collection containers and packaging materials, where everyone can dispose of the generated hazardous waste. Targeted training and supervision must be provided to relevant teachers and students to ensure that hazardous waste is collected and stored in different zones, and incompatible hazardous waste is strictly prohibited from being collected together. [Disadvantages: There is a potential risk of accidents caused by mixed collection of incompatible hazardous waste; Advantages: Reducing the number of waste liquid tanks and occupying less space]

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