2023年7月1日起，新的《危險廢物貯存污染控制標準》(GB18597-2023)將開始實施。為了有效幫助企業(yè)理解新規(guī)范的要求，此文梳理了危險廢物暫存間建設的要求和一般管理規(guī)定，本文可以為企業(yè)規(guī)范建設危廢暫存間提供指導，也可以供生態(tài)環(huán)境主管部門管理參考。

　　Starting from July 1, 2023, the new "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023) will be implemented. In order to effectively help enterprises understand the requirements of the new regulations, this article summarizes the requirements and general management regulations for the construction of hazardous waste temporary storage rooms. This article can provide guidance for enterprises to standardize the construction of hazardous waste temporary storage rooms, and can also serve as a reference for the management of ecological and environmental authorities.

　　新的危險廢物暫存間的建設相比于以前的標準，發(fā)生了較大的變化。標準不僅對貯存庫、貯存場、貯存池、貯存罐區(qū)、貯存點和貯存分區(qū)等貯存設施(場所)進行了定義。將貯存設施設置要求、分類貯存要求、環(huán)境污染防治、識別標志、信息化管理、設施退役等危險廢物環(huán)境管理方面的原則性要求納入總體要求。

　　The construction of the new hazardous waste temporary storage room has undergone significant changes compared to the previous standards. The standard not only defines storage facilities (places) such as storage warehouses, storage yards, storage pools, storage tank areas, storage points, and storage zones. Incorporate the principle requirements for hazardous waste environmental management, such as storage facility setting requirements, classified storage requirements, environmental pollution prevention and control, identification marks, information management, and facility retirement, into the overall requirements.

　　同時系統(tǒng)地提出了貯存設施建設的“一般規(guī)定”和各類貯存設施的建設要求，多維度規(guī)定了危險廢物貯存設施廢水、廢氣等污染物排放控制要求和固體廢物管理要求，同時對環(huán)境應急提出相關管理規(guī)定。

　　At the same time, the "general regulations" for the construction of storage facilities and the construction requirements for various types of storage facilities were systematically proposed, comprehensively stipulating the requirements for controlling the discharge of pollutants such as wastewater and exhaust gas from hazardous waste storage facilities, as well as solid waste management requirements. At the same time, relevant management regulations were put forward for environmental emergencies.

　　危廢貯存有哪些常見問題？注意這些建設要求！

　　What are the common problems with hazardous waste storage? Pay attention to these construction requirements!

　　貯存危險廢物應符合《危險廢物貯存污染控制標準》( GB 18597-2023 ) 各項要求。標準已于2023年7月1日起實施。

　　The storage of hazardous waste shall comply with the requirements of the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB 18597-2023). The standard has been implemented since July 1, 2023.

　　NO.1

　　NO.1

　　建設要求

　　Construction requirements

　　(1)貯存庫是用于貯存一種或多種類別、形態(tài)危險廢物的倉庫式貯存設施。貯存庫污染控制要求：

　　(1) A storage facility is a warehouse style storage facility used to store one or more types and forms of hazardous waste. Requirements for pollution control in storage facilities:

　　①貯存庫內不同貯存分區(qū)之間應采取隔離措施，隔離措施可根據危險廢物特性采用過道、隔板或隔墻等方式；

　?、?Isolation measures should be taken between different storage zones in the storage warehouse, which can be implemented through corridors, partitions, or walls according to the characteristics of hazardous waste;

　　②在貯存庫內或通過貯存分區(qū)方式貯存液態(tài)危險廢物的，應具有液體泄漏堵截設施，堵截設施非常小容積不應低于對應貯存區(qū)域非常大液態(tài)廢物容器容積或液態(tài)廢物總儲量1/10(二者取較大者)；用于貯存可能產生滲濾液的危險廢物的貯存庫或貯存分區(qū)應設計滲濾液收集設施，收集設施容積應滿足滲濾液的收集要求；

　?、?If liquid hazardous waste is stored in a storage warehouse or through storage zoning, liquid leakage blocking facilities should be installed. The minimum volume of the blocking facilities should not be less than the maximum liquid waste container volume or 1/10 of the total liquid waste storage capacity in the corresponding storage area (whichever is larger); Storage facilities or zones for hazardous waste that may generate leachate should be designed with leachate collection facilities, and the volume of the collection facilities should meet the requirements for leachate collection;

　?、圪A存易產生粉塵、揮發(fā)性有機物(VOCs)、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的危險廢物貯存庫，應設置氣體收集裝置和氣體凈化設施，排氣筒高度應符合《大氣污染物綜合排放標準》(GB16297-1996)要求。

　?、?Dangerous waste storage facilities that are prone to generating dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be equipped with gas collection devices and gas purification facilities. The height of the exhaust pipe should comply with the requirements of the Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996).

　　(2)貯存場是用于貯存不易產生粉塵、揮發(fā)性有機物(VOCs)、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的大宗危險廢物的，具有頂棚(蓋)的半開放式貯存設施。貯存場污染控制要求：

　　(2) Storage yard is a semi open storage facility with a roof (cover) used to store bulk hazardous waste that is not prone to generating dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases. Requirements for Pollution Control in Storage Sites:

　?、儋A存場應設置徑流疏導系統(tǒng)，保證能防止當?shù)刂噩F(xiàn)期不小于25年的暴雨流入貯存區(qū)域，并采取措施防止雨水沖淋危險廢物，避免增加滲濾液量；

　?、?The storage yard shall be equipped with a runoff diversion system to ensure that the local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years can be prevented from flowing into the storage area, and measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater from washing hazardous waste and increasing the amount of leachate;

　　②貯存場可整體或分區(qū)設計液體導流和收集設施，收集設施容積應保證在非常不利條件下可以容納對應貯存區(qū)域產生的滲濾液、廢水等液態(tài)物質；

　?、?The storage area can be designed with liquid diversion and collection facilities as a whole or in zones, and the volume of the collection facilities should ensure that they can accommodate liquid substances such as leachate and wastewater generated in the corresponding storage area under the most unfavorable conditions;

　?、圪A存場應采取防止危險廢物揚散、流失的措施；

　?、?The storage site should take measures to prevent the dispersion and loss of hazardous waste;

　　④貯存的危險廢物直接接觸地面的，還應進行基礎防滲，防滲層為至少1m厚黏土層(滲透系數(shù)不大于10-7cm/s)，或至少2mm厚高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防滲材料(滲透系數(shù)不大于10-10cm/s)，或其他防滲性能等效的材料。

　?、?For hazardous waste stored in direct contact with the ground, basic anti-seepage measures should also be taken. The anti-seepage layer should be at least 1m thick clay layer (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-7cm/s), or at least 2mm thick artificial anti-seepage materials such as high-density polyethylene film (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-10cm/s), or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance.

　　(3)貯存池是用于貯存單一類別液態(tài)或半固態(tài)危險廢物的，位于室內或具有頂棚(蓋)的池體貯存設施。貯存池污染控制要求：

　　(3) A storage tank is a tank storage facility located indoors or with a roof (cover) for storing a single category of liquid or semi-solid hazardous waste. Requirements for pollution control of storage tanks:

　?、儋A存池防滲層應覆蓋整個池體并對池體進行基礎防滲；

　?、?The anti-seepage layer of the storage tank should cover the entire tank body and provide basic anti-seepage for the tank body;

　　②貯存池應采取措施防止雨水、地面徑流等進入，保證能防止當?shù)刂噩F(xiàn)期不小于25年的暴雨流入貯存池內；

　?、?Measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater, surface runoff, etc. from entering the storage pool, so as to ensure that the local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years can be prevented from flowing into the storage pool;

　　③貯存池應采取措施減少大氣污染物的無組織排放。

　?、?Measures should be taken to reduce unorganized emissions of atmospheric pollutants from storage tanks.

　　(4)貯存罐區(qū)是用于貯存液態(tài)危險廢物的，由一個或多個罐體及其相關的輔助設備和防護系統(tǒng)構成的固定式貯存設施。貯存罐區(qū)污染控制要求：

　　(4) Storage tank area is a fixed storage facility for storing liquid hazardous waste, consisting of one or more tanks and their related auxiliary equipment and protective systems. Pollution control requirements for storage tank area:

　?、儋A存罐區(qū)罐體應設置在圍堰內，圍堰應保證能滿足防滲、防腐性能要求；

　　① The tanks in the storage tank area should be placed inside a cofferdam, which should ensure that the cofferdam can meet the requirements of anti-seepage and anti-corrosion performance;

　?、谫A存罐區(qū)圍堰容積應至少滿足其內部非常大貯存罐發(fā)生意外泄漏時所需要的危險廢物收集容積要求；

　?、?The cofferdam volume of the storage tank area should at least meet the hazardous waste collection volume requirements in case of accidental leakage of the largest storage tank inside;

　　③貯存罐區(qū)圍堰內收集的廢液、廢水和初期雨水應及時處理，不應直接排放。

　?、?The waste liquid, wastewater, and initial rainwater collected in the storage tank area cofferdam should be treated in a timely manner and should not be directly discharged.

　　(5)貯存點是《危險廢物管理計劃和管理臺賬制定技術導則》(HJ1259-2022)規(guī)定的納入危險廢物登記管理單位的，用于同一生產經營場所專門貯存危險廢物的場所；或產生危險廢物的單位設置于生產線附近，用于暫時貯存以便于中轉其產生的危險廢物的場所。貯存點環(huán)境管理要求：

　　(5) Storage points are designated as hazardous waste registration and management units in accordance with the Technical Guidelines for the Development of Hazardous Waste Management Plans and Management Ledger (HJ1259-2022), and are used for the specialized storage of hazardous waste in the same production and operation site; Units that generate hazardous waste are located near the production line for temporary storage and transfer of the hazardous waste they produce. Environmental management requirements for storage points:

　?、儋A存點應具有固定的區(qū)域邊界，并應采取與其他區(qū)域進行隔離的措施；

　?、?Storage points should have fixed area boundaries and measures should be taken to isolate them from other areas;

　?、谫A存點應采取防風、防雨、防曬和防止危險廢物流失、揚散等措施；③貯存點貯存的危險廢物應置于容器或包裝物中，不應直接散堆；

　?、?Storage points should take measures to prevent wind, rain, sun, and hazardous waste from being lost or scattered Hazardous waste stored in storage points should be placed in containers or packaging materials and should not be directly scattered;

　　④貯存 點應根據危險廢物的形態(tài)、物理化學性質、包裝形式等，采取防滲、防漏等污染防治措施或采用具有相應功能的裝置；

　　④ Storage points should adopt pollution prevention and control measures such as anti-seepage and leak prevention or use devices with corresponding functions according to the form, physical and chemical properties, packaging form, etc. of hazardous waste;

　?、葙A存點應及時清運貯存的危險廢物，實時貯存量不應超過 3 噸。

　　⑤ The storage point should promptly clear and transport the stored hazardous waste, and the real-time storage capacity should not exceed 3 tons.

　　NO.2

　　NO.2

　　常見問題

　　common problem

　?。?）未按照危害特性分類貯存危險廢物或分區(qū)不合理

　　(1) Storage of hazardous waste not classified according to hazard characteristics or unreasonable zoning

　?。?）混合貯存性質不相容且未經安全性處置的危險廢物。

　　(2) Mixed storage of hazardous waste that is incompatible in nature and has not been safely disposed of.

　?。?）收集、貯存場所地面有裂隙，不具備防滲漏功能且未采取相應措施。

　　(3) There are cracks on the ground of the collection and storage site, which do not have anti leakage function and have not taken corresponding measures.

　?。?）盛裝危險廢物的容器有破損，導致泄漏。

　　(4) The container containing hazardous waste is damaged, resulting in leakage.

　?。?）盛裝危險廢物的容器未密閉。

　　(5) The container containing hazardous waste is not sealed.

　　（6）貯存液體危險廢物，未設置泄漏液體收集裝置或泄漏液體收集池容積不滿足相關要求。

　　(6) Storage of liquid hazardous waste without a leakage liquid collection device or leakage liquid collection pool capacity not meeting relevant requirements.

　?。?）貯存易揮發(fā)危險廢物，貯存庫未密閉、未安裝廢氣收集治理設施、已安裝廢氣收集治理設施未正常運行。

　　(7) Storage of volatile hazardous waste, storage warehouse not sealed, no exhaust gas collection and treatment facilities installed, and installed exhaust gas collection and treatment facilities not functioning properly.

　?。?）未按照《危險廢物貯存污染控制標準》(GB18597-2023)監(jiān)測有關要求，開展自行監(jiān)測。

　　(8) Failure to conduct self-monitoring in accordance with the relevant requirements of the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023).

　　（9）危險廢物貯存過程產生的污染物不滿足國家污染物排放(控制)標準等要求。

　　(9) The pollutants generated during the storage of hazardous waste do not meet the requirements of national pollutant emission (control) standards.

　?。?0）危險廢物露天存放。

　　(10) Hazardous waste is stored outdoors.

　?。?1）危廢貯存設施導流槽溢流、泄露液收集池有廢液未及時收集。

　　(11) The overflow and leakage of the diversion channel of the hazardous waste storage facility have resulted in the collection of waste liquid in the collection pool, which has not been collected in a timely manner.

　?。?2）盛裝液態(tài)、半固態(tài)危險廢物的容器內部未留足夠空間。

　　(12) Insufficient space is left inside the container containing liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste.

　　（13）盛裝液態(tài)、半固態(tài)危險廢物的包裝桶表面有危險廢物遺留未及時清理。

　　(13) The surface of the packaging drums containing liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste has hazardous waste residues that have not been cleaned up in a timely manner.

　?。?4）危險廢物識別標志注明危險廢物種類與實際貯存危險廢物種類不一致。

　　(14) The identification mark for hazardous waste indicates that the type of hazardous waste is inconsistent with the actual type of hazardous waste stored.

　　（15）危險廢物收集、貯存設施不符合“六防”要求(防風、防曬、防雨、防漏、防滲、防腐等)。

　　(15) The hazardous waste collection and storage facilities do not meet the "six prevention" requirements (windproof, sun proof, rain proof, leak proof, anti-seepage, anti-corrosion, etc.).

　?。?6）危險廢物實際貯存與危險廢物識別標志注明重量、臺賬記錄、省固體廢物動態(tài)信息平臺貯存數(shù)據不一致。

　　(16) The actual storage of hazardous waste is inconsistent with the weight indicated on the hazardous waste identification label, ledger records, and storage data on the provincial solid waste dynamic information platform.

　　（17）危險廢物包裝容器上設置標簽信息(重量、時間等)與臺賬記錄、實際貯存不一致。

　　(17) The label information (weight, time, etc.) on the hazardous waste packaging container is inconsistent with the ledger records and actual storage.

　?。?8）硬質容器和包裝物及其支護結構堆疊碼放時有明顯變形。

　　(18) There is significant deformation when stacking and stacking hard containers, packaging materials, and their supporting structures.

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